What is larynx cancer (throat) ? larynx cancer treatment.

What is larynx cancer (throat) ? larynx cancer treatment

what is larynx cancer?

What is throat cancer (larynx)?

Throat cancer is a general term that generally refers to the pharynx and / or laryngeal cancer. The areas included in the throat cancer exam include nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, glote, supraglote and subglote; About half the cancers of the throat develop in the larynx and the other half in the pharynx. Therefore, throat cancer is considered any form of cancer (growth and / or spread of abnormal cells that form tumors or metastases) that develop in these areas of the throat. For this article, throat cancer and laryngeal cancer will be
(Pressure) in the throat and / or pain in the chest as they may extend just below the pharynx at the junction of the esophagus and stomach. In addition, cancers of the esophagus can include all signs of throat cancer, symptoms and most of the diagnostic and treatment protocols mentioned in this article - especially when they are in the upper part of the esophagus .

Statistics from the American Cancer Society indicate that nearly 13,430 new cases of laryngeal cancer will occur in 2016 (10550 in both men and women 2880) with about 3620 deaths. Survival rates vary somewhat at five years with the location of the cancer and its stage (see below). Most guys have a five-year stage I and / or II survival rate between 53% and 64%, except for those that occur in the globe (part of the larynx, including the vocal cords) 90%. Stages III-IV survival at five years is between about 54% -24%, in stage IV having the lowest within five years of survival.

What Causes Cancer of the Throat?

Although it does not know exactly what causes cancer of the throat, cancer cells develop when genetic mutations allow cells to develop uncontrollably to form tumors (masses of cancer cells) that can metastasize (spread ) To other regions of the body. Some of the factors that can lead to genetic mutations in throat cells include smoking, human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and exposure to toxic substances such as asbestos or large amounts of alcohol.

What are the risk factors for throat cancer?

Some of the risk factors for throat cancer are related to lifestyle. For example, people may increase the risk of these cancers from smoking or using other snuff products, chewing betel nut (a common practice among South Asians), drinking too much alcohol and Consume vitamin A. insufficient exposure to asbestos,
In particular, exposure to HPV is also a risk factor. Exposure to HPV is important because about 50% to 90% of squamous cell carcinomas, the most common type of throat cancer, have been associated with HPV infections that can be acquired with oral sex. Moreover, being a man and / or have an African American heritage also increases the risk.

What are the cancers of the larynx (throat)?

The types of cancer of the larynx (throat) are:

• Squamous cell carcinoma (the most common type of throat cancer)
• Adenocarcinomas (glandular cancer cells that release mucus rarely occurs)
• Other types that can occur rarely are:
• lymphoepithelioma
• Carcinoma muco
• Carcinoma pin
• Verrucous cancer
• lymphoma
• Undifferentiated carcinoma
• sarcoma

What are the symptoms and signs of throat cancer?

Symptoms and signs of throat cancer often vary from person to person. The most common signs and symptoms of throat cancer are non-specific. All patients have all the signs and symptoms, but each patient will usually have at least one or two of the following:

• Change voice or hoarseness of voice
• Against cough (usually chronic)
• Sore throat (usually chronic)
• Throat disorders (feeling that something is caught in the throat)
• 
  
• Difficulty swallowing or swallowing problems with certain foods
• A mass or a bump in the neck
• Weight loss (involuntary)
• Some of the difficulty breathing
• Earache
• The constant production of mucus
• As stated above, these symptoms and signs are not diagnostic for throat cancer because many other problems can mimic throat cancer. However, anyone who develops these signs and symptoms and risk factors for throat cancer should discuss it with your doctor immediately.

How to Diagnose Healthcare Professionals Cancer Throat?

The individual history of the person (especially the presence of potential risk factors) and physical examination may provide enough suspicious information to the doctor that the doctor will examine throat cancer as a possible diagnosis. Therefore, the doctor may strongly suggest additional tests in order to confirm or diagnosis of throat cancer. Although imaging tests such as computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and others such as chest X-rays and barium downstream provides useful information on the extent and Localization of cancer, the definitive diagnosis of throat cancer is achieved by a biopsy of the tumor. The biopsy can be performed through a surgical incision in the neck, well tumor needle aspiration or by endoscopic biopsy.

What types of specialists treat throat cancer?

Most institutions adopt a team approach for each individual with throat cancer. In general, depending on the extent of cancer of the individual (see previous TMN system), a person's team of specialists may include the following:

• oncologists
• Surgeons
• The surgeons
• Radiation oncologists
• Experts in swallowing
• dentists
• Speech therapists
• dieticians
• Therapists (physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy)

The participation of many specialists has been found to provide a person with the best opportunity to treat and / or survive different types of throat cancer and reduce the symptoms. These specialists can also identify local support groups that can help patients and family members cope with lifestyle changes necessary to live well with the disease

What is throat cancer treatment?

The treatment of throat cancer depends on the extent and severity of the disease. As the MD Anderson Cancer Center and others have indicated, treatment is tailored to the individual to provide the best chance of success. The treatment aims to preserve the patient's ability to eat, talk and live a normal and healthy life. Treatment plans for throat cancers usually include one or more of the following techniques: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, proton therapy, targeted therapies and possibly participating in clinical trials on throat cancer. Brief description of the main components of throat cancer therapy are:

Tumor ablation surgery as partial laryngectomy supracricoide to allow normal functioning in addition to swallowing and talking without a stoma (a surgical opening in the neck that allows breathing).
Chemotherapy drugs are used to reduce tumors and / or kill cancer cells after surgery and / or radiotherapy treatments. Chemotherapy is often used in combination with other therapies.
Radiotherapy brachytherapy involves placing close to radioactive shots of a tumor. Radiation beam therapy in 3-D and IMRT can be adapted to the specific form of the tumor.
Proton Therapy: This pencil beam radiation dose technology used for tumor any neighboring healthy tissue is preserved.
Targeted therapies: These drugs are used to stop the growth of cancer cells in proteins and / or other receptors in cancer cells.
Clinical Trials on Cancer: This is the use of experimental drugs or other methods that can be promising in the survival and / or reduction of clinical symptoms.
The side effects of treatment vary from person to person. However, some of the more common side effects include mucosal inflammation, dry mouth, changes in skin (especially after radiation therapy), nausea and vomiting (especially chemotherapy), fatigue, Throat, difficulty swallowing, increased sticky mucus production, appetite, loss of taste, hair loss and difficulty breathing. In many patients who develop side effects, most effects can last from a few weeks to a few months, although some patients may remain constant