Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)

Key facts

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 40 million people each year, which is equivalent to 70% of all deaths worldwide.
Each year, 15 million people die from noncommunicable diseases between the ages of 30 and 69; More than 80% of these "premature" deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.
Cardiovascular disease accounts for most of the deaths from noncommunicable diseases, accounting for 17.7 million people a year, followed by cancer (8.8 million), respiratory diseases (3.9 million) and diabetes million).
These four disease groups account for more than 80% of all premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases.
Tobacco use, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and poor eating habits increase the risk of dying from a nerve transmission disease.
The detection, detection and treatment of ENT and palliative care are key elements of the response to ENT.
Overview

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to be long-lasting and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioral factors.

The main types of ENT are cardiovascular diseases (such as heart attacks and strokes), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes.

Noncommunicable diseases disproportionately affect people in low- and middle-income countries, where more than three-quarters of global deaths of NTD-31 million occur.

Who is at risk for these diseases?

People of all ages, regions and countries are affected by noncommunicable diseases. These conditions are often associated with older age groups, but evidence shows that 15 million of all deaths attributed to noncommunicable diseases occur between the ages of 30 and 69 years. Among these "premature" deaths, it is estimated that more than 80% occur in low- and middle-income countries. Children, adults and the elderly are vulnerable to the risk factors that contribute to noncommunicable diseases, such as poor nutrition, physical inactivity, exposure to tobacco smoke, or harmful use of alcohol.

These diseases are influenced by factors that include rapid and anarchic urbanization, the globalization of unhealthy lifestyles and the aging of the population. Poor diet and lack of physical activity can occur in people as increased blood pressure, increased blood sugar, high blood lipids and obesity. These are called metabolic risk factors that can lead to cardiovascular disease, the leader of noncommunicable diseases in terms of premature death.

Risk factors

Modifiable Behavioral Risk Factors
Behaviors such as tobacco consumption, physical inactivity, poor nutrition and harmful use of alcohol increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases.

Tobacco accounts for 7.2 million deaths each year (including the effects of exposure to tobacco smoke), and is expected to increase significantly in the coming years. (1)
4.1 million deaths were attributed to excessive salt / sodium intake. (1)
More than half of the 3.3 million annual deaths attributable to alcohol use from noncommunicable diseases, including cancer. (2)
1.6 million deaths per year can be attributed to insufficient physical activity. (1)
Metabolic Risk Factors
Metabolic risk factors contribute to four key metabolic changes that increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases:

High blood pressure
Overweight / Obesity
Hyperglycaemia (high levels of glucose in the blood) and
Hyperlipidemia (high blood lipids).
In terms of attributable deaths, the major metabolic risk factor is worldwide high blood pressure (to which 19% of deaths are attributed), (1) followed by overweight and obesity and increased blood sugar blood.

What are the socio-economic impacts of noncommunicable diseases?

Non-communicable diseases threaten progress towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including an objective to reduce premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases by one third by 2030.

Poverty is closely linked to noncommunicable diseases. The rapid increase in NCD initiatives is expected to hinder poverty reduction in low-income countries, including by increasing spending

In resource-poor countries, health care costs for noncommunicable diseases rapidly drain resources from the home. The exorbitant costs of noncommunicable diseases, including the often long and costly treatment and loss of breadwinners, forcing millions of people into poverty each year and slowing down development.

Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases

An important means of NCD control is to focus on reducing the risk factors associated with these diseases. There are low-cost solutions for governments and other stakeholders to reduce common modifiable risk factors. The monitoring of progress and trends in noncommunicable diseases and their risk is important for guiding policies and priorities.

To reduce the impact of noncommunicable diseases on individuals and society, an integrated approach requires that all sectors, including health, need finance, transport, education, agriculture, planning and Others to work together to reduce the risks associated with noncommunicable diseases and to promote interventions to prevent and control them.

Investing in better management of noncommunicable diseases is essential. Management of noncommunicable diseases, including the detection, detection and treatment of these diseases and access to palliative care for those in need. Interventions that have a high impact on noncommunicable diseases can be achieved through a focus on primary health care to enhance early detection and early treatment. The data show that these interventions are excellent economic investments because if given to patients early, may reduce the need for more expensive treatment.

It is unlikely that countries with inadequate health insurance coverage provide universal access to essential interventions for noncommunicable diseases. Noncommunicable disease management interventions are essential to achieve the overall target of a 25% reduction in the relative risk of premature mortality of noncommunicable diseases by 2025 and the goal of SDG a reduction of one third of premature deaths Due to noncommunicable diseases in 2030.

WHO's reply

WHO leadership and coordination role
2030 Sustainable Development Program recognizes noncommunicable diseases as a major challenge for sustainable development. Under the agenda, the Heads of State and Government committed themselves to developing ambitious national responses by 2030 to reduce premature mortality of noncommunicable diseases by preventing and treating diseases In a third. This objective comes from the UN General Assembly high-level meetings on noncommunicable diseases in 2011 and 2014, which reaffirmed WHO's leadership and coordination role in promoting and monitoring Global action against noncommunicable diseases. The UN General Assembly will convene a third high-level meeting on noncommunicable diseases in 2018 to review progress and reach consensus on the way forward for the period 2018-2030.